-CITE- 11 USC TITLE 11 - BANKRUPTCY 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 11 - BANKRUPTCY TITLE 11 - BANKRUPTCY -MISC1- THIS TITLE WAS ENACTED BY PUB. L. 95-598, TITLE I, SEC. 101, NOV. 6, 1978, 92 STAT. 2549 Chap. Sec. 1. General Provisions 101 3. Case Administration 301 5. Creditors, the Debtor, and the Estate 501 7. Liquidation 701 9. Adjustment of Debts of a Municipality 901 11. Reorganization 1101 12. Adjustment of Debts of Family Farmers with Regular Annual Income (!1) 1201 13. Adjustment of Debts of an Individual With Regular Income 1301 [15. Repealed.] AMENDMENTS 1994 - Pub. L. 103-394, title V, Sec. 501(d)(39), Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4147, struck out item for chapter 15, "United States Trustees". 1986 - Pub. L. 99-554, title II, Sec. 257(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3114, added item for chapter 12. TABLE I THIS TABLE LISTS THE SECTIONS OF FORMER TITLE 11, BANKRUPTCY, AND INDICATES THE SECTIONS OF TITLE 11, AS REVISED BY PUB. L. 95-598 WHICH COVER SIMILAR AND RELATED SUBJECT MATTER. -------------------------------------------------------------------- Title 11 Title 11 Former Sections New Sections -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1(1)-(3) Rep. 1(4) 101(12) 1(5)-(7) Rep. 1(8) 101(8) 1(9), (10) Rep. 1(11) 101(9) 1(12), (13) Rep. 1(14) 101(11) 1(15), (16) Rep. 1(17) 101(17), (18) 1(18) Rep. 1(19) 101(26) 1(20)-(22) Rep. 1(23) 101(30) 1(24) 101(31) 1(25), (26) Rep. 1(27) 101(34) 1(28), (29) Rep. 1(29a) 101(38) 1(30) 101(40) 1(31) Rep. 1(32) 101(24) 1(33), (34) Rep. 1(35) 102(7) 11(a)(1) 109(a) 11(a)(2) 502(j) 11(a)(2A) 505(a), (b) 11(a)(3), (4) Rep. 11(a)(5) 721 11(a)(6) Rep. 11(a)(7) 363 11(a)(8) 350 11(a)(9)-(14) Rep. 11(a)(15) 105 11(a)(16) Rep. 11(a)(17) 324 11(a)(18) 303(i) 11(a)(19), (20) Rep. 11(a)(21) 543(b), (c) 11(a)(22) 305(a)(2) 11(b) Rep. 21 303(h) 22 109(b) 22(a) 301 22(b) 303(a) 23(a) Rep. 23(b) 303(b) 23(c)-(f) Rep. 23(g) 723 23(h)-(k) Rep. 24 522 25(a)(1) 343, 521(4) 25(a)(2) Rep. 25(a)(3) 521(2) 25(a)(4) 521(3) 25(a)(5) 521(3) 25(a)(6) 521(2) 25(a)(7) 521(2) 25(a)(8), (9) 521(1) 25(a)(10) 343, 344 25(a)(11) 521(3) 25(b) Rep. 26 541(a) 27, 28 Rep. 29(a) 362 29(b)-(d) Rep. 29(e) 108(a), (b) 29(f) 108(c) 30, 31 (See former 501-1103) 32(a) 727(a)(10), 1141(d)(4) 32(b) 727(c) 32(c)(1) 727(a)(2), (4) 32(c)(2) 727(a)(3) 32(c)(3) 727(a)(4) 32(c)(4) 727(a)(2) 32(c)(5) 727(a)(8), (9) 32(c)(6) 727(a)(6) 32(c)(7) 727(a)(5) 32(c)(8) Rep. 32(d), (e) Rep. 32(f) 524(a) 32(g), (h) Rep. 33 727(d), (e), 1328(e) 34 524(e) 35(a)(1) 523(a)(1) 35(a)(2) 523(a)(2) 35(a)(3) 523(a)(3) 35(a)(4) 523(a)(4) 35(a)(5), (6) Rep. 35(a)(7) 523(a)(5) 35(a)(8) 523(a)(6) 35(b) 523(b), 349(a) 35(c) 523(c) 35(c)(4) 362 41(a) Rep. 41(b) 303(d) 41(c)-(e) Rep. 41(f) 301 42 T. 28 Sec. 1480 43 Rep. 44(a) 343 44(b)-(f) Rep. 44(g) 549(c) 44(h)-(l) Rep. 45-51 Rep. 52, 53 Rep. 54 Rep. 55 T. 28 Sec. 1475 61-71 Rep. 72(a) 702 72(b) 705 72(c) 327(c) 73 321 74 325, 703(a) 75(a)(1) 704(1) 75(a)(2) 345 75(a)(3) 704(2) 75(a)(4) Rep. 75(a)(5) 704(2) 75(a)(6) Rep. 75(a)(7) 704(3) 75(a)(8) 704(4) 75(a)(9) 704(5) 75(a)(10) 704(6) 75(a)(11), (12) Rep. 75(a)(13) 704(8) 75(a)(14) Rep. 75(b), (c) Rep. 76(a), (b) Rep. 76(c) 326(a), 330 76(d) Rep. 76(e) 326(d) 76(f), (g) Rep. 76a 330 77 107 78(a) Rep. 78(b) 322(a) 78(c) 322(b)(1) 78(d) 322(b)(2) 78(e) Rep. 78(f), (g) 322(b)(2) 78(h) Rep. 78(i) 322(c) 78(j)-(l) Rep. 78(m) 322(d) 78(n) Rep. 79-82 Rep. 91, 92 341 93(a)-(c) Rep. 93(d) 502(a), (c) 93(e) Rep. 93(f) 502(b) 93(g) 502(d) 93(h) 506(a), (b) 93(i) 501(b), 509 93(j) 724(a) 93(k) 502(j) 93(l), (m) Rep. 93(n) 501(a), 726(a)(3) 93a Rep. 94 342 95(a) 301 95(b) 303(b) 95(c), (d) Rep. 95(e) 303(b) 95(f) 303(c) 95(g) 303(j), 707 95(h) Rep. 96 547 96(a)(4) 547(e)(1)(B) 96(b) 550, 551 96(c) 547(c)(4), 553 96(d) 329 96(e)(1) 741 96(e)(2) 745, 751, 752 96(e)(3) 753 96(e)(5) 749 101 345 101a Rep. 102(a)(1) 503(b)(2) 102(a)(2)-(4) Rep. 102(b) Rep. 102(c) 504 102(d) Rep. 103 101(4) 103(a)(9) 502(b)(7) 103(c) 365 103a Rep. 104(a) 507 104(a)(1) 503(b) 104(a)(2) 507(a)(3) 104(a)(4) 502(b)(4), 505(a), (b) 104(b) Rep. 105(a)-(c) Rep. 105(d) 508 105(e) Rep. 106(a) 347(a) 106(b) Rep. 107(a) 349(b), 547(b), (d), 551 107(b), (c) 545 107(c)(1)(A) 545(1) 107(c)(1)(B) 545(2), 546(b) 107(c)(1)(C) 545(3), (4) 107(c)(2) 551 107(c)(3) 724(b) 107(d)(1)(a)-(c) Rep. 107(d)(1)(d) 101(26) 107(d)(1)(e) Rep. 107(d)(2) 548(a) 107(d)(3) 550 107(d)(4) 548(b) 107(d)(5) 548(d)(1) 107(d)(6) 548(c), 550, 551 107(d)(7) Rep. 107(e), (f) Rep. 108 502(b)(3), 553 109(a) 303(e) 109(b) 303(i) 109(c) Rep. 109(d) 303(g), 543(b), (c) 110(a) 541(a) 110(a)(3) 541(b) 110(a)(5) 522(d)(7), (8) 110(b) 365 110(c) 541(e), 544(a) 110(d)(1) 549(a) 110(d)(2), (3) 542(c) 110(d)(4), (5) Rep. 110(e) 544(b) 110(f) 363 110(g)-(i) Rep. 111, 112 Rep. 201, 202 (See former 501-1103) 202a-204 Rep. 205(a) Rep. 205(b) 1171(b), 1172 205(c)(1) 1163 205(c)(2) 1166 205(c)(3)-(5) Rep. 205(c)(6) 1169 205(c)(7)-(13) Rep. 205(d) Rep. 205(e) 1173 205(f)-(i) Rep. 205(j) 1168 205(k), (l) Rep. 205(m) 101(33) 205(n) 1167, 1171(a) 205(o) 1170 205(p)-(s) Rep. 205a Rep. 206, 207 (See former 501-1103) 208 Rep. 301-303 Rep. 401(1) 101(4) 401(2) Rep. 401(3) 101(9) 401(4) Rep. 401(5) 101(11) 401(6) 101(28) 401(7) 101(30) 401(8) 101(12) 401(9) Rep. 401(10) 902(2) 401(11) 903(3) 402(a) Rep. 402(b)(1), (2) 901 402(b)(3) Rep. 402(c) 904 402(d) 921(b) 403 903 404 101(29), 109(c) 405(a) 921(a), (c)-(f) 405(b) 901, 924 405(c) Rep. 405(d) 923 405(e) 901 405(e)(1) 922(a) 405(f), (g) Rep. 405(h) 901, 926 406, 407 Rep. 408(a) 925 408(b) 901 408(c) Rep. 409 901 410(a) 941, 942 410(b) 942 411, 412 901 413 901, 943(a) 414(a) 901 414(b)(1) 943(b)(5), (6) 414(b)(2) 943(b)(2) 414(b)(3) Rep. 414(b)(4) 943(b)(3) 414(b)(5) Rep. 414(b)(6) 943(b)(4) 415(a) 944(a) 415(b)(1) 944(b) 415(b)(2) 944(c) 416(a) Rep. 416(b) 901 416(c) Rep. 416(d) 347(b), 901 416(e) 945(a) 416(f) Rep. 417 946 418 927 501, 502 Rep. 506(1) 101(4) 506(2), (3) Rep. 506(4) 101(9) 506(5) 101(12) 506(6) 101(11) 506(7) Rep. 506(8) 101(23) 506(9) 101(31) 506(10) Rep. 506(11) 101(35) 506(12), (13) Rep. 507 1124 511, 512 Rep. 513 362 514, 515 Rep. 516(1) 365 516(2) 364 516(3) 363 516(4) 362 516(5), (6) 1110 517-521 Rep. 526 303(b) 527 Rep. 528 T. 28 Sec. 1472 529-533 Rep. 536, 537 303(d) 541-549 Rep. 556 1104(a) 557 327 558 101(13) 559 1105 560 324, 1104(c) 561, 562 Rep. 563 1107(a) 564 1106(a)(2) 565 Rep. 566 107 567(1) 1106(a)(3) 567(2) Rep. 567(3) 1106(a)(4)(A) 567(4) Rep. 567(5) 1106(a)(4) 567(6) Rep. 568 1104(b), 1106(b) 569 1106(a)(5) 570 1121 571-574 Rep. 575 1125(d) 576 1125(b) 577, 578 Rep. 579 1126, 1128(a) 580 1128(b) 586 541(a) 587 1106 588 1107(a) 589 1108 590 Rep. 591 327 596 501(a), 1111 597 1122 598 501(a) 599 1126(a) 600, 601 Rep. 602 502(b)(7) 603 1126(e) 604 1143 605 347(b) 606 1109(b) 607 1109 608 1109(a) 609-613 Rep. 616(1) 1123(b)(1) 616(2) 1123(a)(5), (b)(4) 616(3) Rep. 616(4) 1123(b)(2) 616(5) 1123(a)(3) 616(6) 1123(a)(2) 616(7)-(9) Rep. 616(10) 1123(a)(5) 616(11) 1123(a)(7) 616(12)(a) 1123(a)(6) 616(12)(b) Rep. 616(13) 1123(b)(3) 616(14) 1123(b)(5) 621(1) 1129(a)(1) 621(2) 1129(a)(7), (11) 621(3) 1129(a)(3) 621(4) 1129(a)(4) 621(5) 1129(a)(5) 622 1127 623 1127(d) 624(1) 1141(a) 624(2) 1129(a)(6), 1142(a) 624(3), (4) Rep. 625 Rep. 626 1141(c) 627 1142(b) 628(1) 1141(d)(1)-(3) 628(2)-(4) Rep. 629(a) 1101(2) 629(b) Rep. 629(c) 1127(b) 636 1112(b) 637 Rep. 638 348 641(1), (2) Rep. 641(3), (4) 330 641(5) 503(b)(4) 642(1) 503(b)(3), (5) 642(2) Rep. 642(3) 503(b)(4) 643 503(b)(3), (4) 644(1) 330 644(2) 503(b)(4) 644(3) 330 644(4) 503(b)(3), (4) 645-650 Rep. 656-659 Rep. 661 108(c) 662 Rep. 663 362 664(a) 1145(a) 664(b) 1145(b) 665, 666 Rep. 667 1146(c) 668 346(j)(1) 669 1129(d) 670 346(j)(5) 671, 672 Rep. 676 Rep. 701, 702 Rep. 706(1), (2) Rep. 706(3) 101(12), 109(d) 706(4) Rep. 706(5) 101(31) 707(1) 101(9) 707(2) 101(4), (11) 708 1124 711, 712 Rep. 713(1) 365 713(2) 363 713(3) Rep. 714 362 715, 716 Rep. 721-728 Rep. 731-733 Rep. 734 341 735 341 735(3) 1128(a) 736 341 736(2) 501(a) 736(3) 343 737(1) Rep. 737(2) 1129(a)(9) 737(3) 1128(a) 738 1102 739(1)(a) 1103(c)(2) 739(1)(b)-(e) 1103(c)(3) 739(1)(f) 1104(c)(5) 739(2) 503(b)(4), 1103(a) 741 Rep. 742 1107(a) 743 1108 744 364 751 1122 752 Rep. 753 502(b)(7) 754, 755 Rep. 755a 501(a) 756 Rep. 757(1) Rep. 757(2) 1123(b)(2) 757(3)-(7) Rep. 757(8) 1123(b)(5) 761 1129(a)(3) 762 Rep. 763 1127 764 1127(d) 765 1127(c) 766(1) 1129(a)(1) 766(2) 1129(a)(7), (11) 766(3) 1129(a)(2) 766(4) 1129(a)(3) 767(1) 1141(a) 767(2)-(4) Rep. 768-770 Rep. 771 1141(d)(1)-(3) 772 Rep. 776, 777 1112(b) 778 348 779-781 Rep. 786 1144 787(1) 1127(b) 787(2) 1127(c) 787(3) 1127(d) 787(4) Rep. 791 108(c) 792 Rep. 793(a) 1145(a) 793(b) 1145(b) 794 Rep. 795 346(j)(1) 796 346(j)(5) 797 Rep. 799 Rep. 801, 802 Rep. 806(1) Rep. 806(2) 101(4) 806(3), (4) Rep. 806(5) 101(9) 806(6) 101(12), 109(d) 806(7) 101(11) 806(8) 101(23) 806(9) 101(31) 807 1124 811, 812 Rep. 813(1) 365 813(2) 363 813(3) Rep. 814 362 815, 816 Rep. 821-827 Rep. 828 362 831 Rep. 832 1104(a) 833 Rep. 834 341 835 341, 1128(a) 836 341 836(2) 501(a) 836(3) 343 837(1) 1104(a) 837(2) Rep. 837(3) 1128(a) 841 Rep. 842 1106 843 348 844 1107(a) 845 1108 846 364 851 501(a), 1111 852 1122 853 Rep. 854 501(a) 855-857 Rep. 858 502(b)(7) 859 Rep. 861(1)-(3) Rep. 861(4) 1123(b)(2) 861(5), (6) Rep. 861(7) 1123(b)(4) 861(8) Rep. 861(9) 1123(a)(3) 861(10) 1123(a)(2) 861(11) Rep. 861(12) 1123(a)(5) 861(13) 1123(b)(5) 866 Rep. 867 1129(a)(3) 868 Rep. 869 1127(a), (b) 870 1127(d) 871 1127(c) 872(1) 1129(a)(1) 872(2) 1129(a)(7), (11) 872(3) 1129(a)(2) 872(4) 1129(a)(3) 872(5) 1129(a)(4) 873(1) 1141(a) 873(2) 1142(a) 873(3) Rep. 874 1141(c) 875 1142(b) 876 1141(d)(1)-(3) 877 Rep. 881, 882 1112(b) 883 348 884-886 Rep. 891(1) Rep. 891(2), (3) 330 892(1) 503(b)(3) 892(2) Rep. 892(3) 503(b)(4) 893(1) Rep. 893(2) 503(b)(4) 893(3) 330 893(4) 503(b)(4) 894-898 Rep. 906-909 Rep. 911 1144 916 108(c) 917 362 918(a) 1145(a) 918(b) 1145(b) 919 Rep. 920 346(j)(1) 921 1129(d) 922 346(j)(5) 923 Rep. 926 Rep. 1001, 1002 Rep. 1006(1) 101(4) 1006(2) 101(9) 1006(3) 101(12), 109(e) 1006(4) 101(11) 1006(5) Rep. 1006(6) 101(31) 1006(7) Rep. 1006(8) 101(24), 109(e) 1007 Rep. 1011, 1012 Rep. 1013(1) 365 1013(2) Rep. 1014 362 1015, 1016 Rep. 1021-1026 Rep. 1031 Rep. 1032, 1033 341 1033(1) 343, 501(a) 1033(2) 1321 1033(5) 1324 1036 1303 1037 Rep. 1041-1044 Rep. 1046(1) 1322(b)(1) 1046(2) 1322(b)(2) 1046(3) 1322(a)(2) 1046(4) 1322(a)(1) 1046(5) 1329(a) 1046(6) 1322(b)(7) 1046(7) 1322(b)(10) 1051 1325(a)(3) 1052 Rep. 1053 1323(a) 1054 1323(c) 1055 Rep. 1056(a)(1) 1325(a)(1) 1056(a)(2) 1325(a)(6) 1056(a)(3) Rep. 1056(a)(4) 1325(a)(3) 1056(b) 502(b) 1057 1327(a) 1058 Rep. 1059 1326(a) 1060 1328(a), (c), (d) 1061 1328(b) 1062 Rep. 1066 348, 1307 1067 348 1068, 1069 Rep. 1071 1330 1076 108(c) 1077-1079 Rep. 1080 1305(a)(1) 1086 Rep. 1101-1103 Rep. 1200-1255 Rep. -------------------------------------------------------------------- TABLE II THIS TABLE LISTS THE SECTIONS OF REVISED TITLE 11, BANKRUPTCY, AND INDICATES THE SECTIONS OF FORMER TITLE 11, WHICH COVERED SIMILAR AND RELATED SUBJECT MATTER. -------------------------------------------------------------------- Title 11 Title 11 New Sections Former Sections -------------------------------------------------------------------- 101(1)-(3) 101(4) 103, 401(1), 506(1), 707(2), 806(2), 1006(1) 101(5)-(7) 101(8) 1(8) 101(9) 1(11), 401(3), 506(4), 707(1), 806(5), 1062(2) 101(10) 101(11) 1(14), 401(5), 506(6), 707(2), 806(7), 1006(4) 101(12) 1(4), 401(8), 506(5), 706(3), 806(6), 1006(3) 101(13) 558 101(14)-(16) 101(17), (18) 1(17) 101(19)-(21) 101(22) T. 15 Sec. 77ccc(7) 101(23) 506(8), 806(8) 101(24) 1(32), 1006(8) 101(25) 101(26) 1(19), 107(d)(1)(d) 101(27) 101(28) 401(6) 101(29) 404 101(30) 1(23), 401(7) 101(31) 1(24), 506(9), 706(5), 806(9), 1006(6) 101(32) 101(33) 205(m) 101(34) 1(27) 101(35) 506(11) 101(36), (37) 101(38) 1(29a) 101(39) T. 15 Sec. 78c(a)(4), (5) 101(40) 1(30) 102(1)-(6) 102(7) 1(35) 102(8) 103, 104 105 11(a)(15) 106 107 77, 566 108(a), (b) 29(e) 108(c) 29(f), 661, 791, 1076 109(a) 11(a)(1) 109(b) 22 109(c) 404 109(d) 706(3), 806(6) 109(e) 1006(3), (8) 301 22(a), 41(f), 95(a) 302 303(a) 22(b) 303(b) 23(b), 95(b), (e), 526 303(c) 95(f) 303(d) 41(b), 536, 537 303(e) 109(a) 303(f) 303(g) 109(d) 303(h) 21 303(i) 11(a)(18), 19(b) 303(j) 95(g) 303(k) 304 305(a)(1) 305(a)(2) 11(a)(22) 305(b), (c) 306 321 73 322(a) 78(b) 322(b)(1) 78(c) 322(b)(2) 78(d), (f), (g) 322(c) 78(i) 322(d) 78(m) 323 324 11(a)(17), 560 325 74 326(a) 76(c) 326(b), (c) 326(d) 76(e) 327 557, 591 327(c) 72(c) 328 329 96(d) 330 76(c), 76a, 641(3), (4), 644(1), (3), 891(2), (3), 893(3) 331 341 91, 92, 734-736, 834-836, 1032, 1033 342 94 343 44(a), 25(a)(1), (10), 736(3), 836(3), 1033(1) 344 25(a)(10) 345 101, 75(a)(2) 346(a)-(i) 346(j)(1) 668, 795, 920 346(j)(2)-(4) 346(j)(5) 670, 796, 922 346(j)(6), (7) 347(a) 106(a) 347(b) 416(d), 605 348 638, 778, 843, 1066, 1067 349(a) 35(b) 349(b) 107(a) 350 11(a)(8) 361 362 29(a), 35(c)(4), 513, 516(4), 663, 714, 814, 828, 917, 1014 363 11(a)(7), 110(f), 516(3), 713(2), 813(2) 364 516(2), 744, 846 365 103(c), 110(b), 516(1), 713(1), 813(1), 1013(1) 366 501(a) 93(n), 596, 598, 736(2), 755a, 836(2), 851, 854, 1033(1) 501(b) 93(i) 501(c), (d) 502(a) 93(d) 502(b) 93(f), 1056(b) 502(b)(3) 108 502(b)(4) 104(a)(4) 502(b)(7) 103(a)(9), 602, 753, 858 502(c) 93(d) 502(d) 93(g) 502(e)-(i) 502(j) 93(k), 11(a)(2) 503(a) 503(b) 104(a)(1) 503(b)(2) 102(a)(1) 503(b)(3) 642(1), 643, 644(4), 892(1) 503(b)(4) 641(5), 642(3), 643, 644(2), (4), 739(2), 892(3), 893(2), (4) 503(b)(5) 642(1) 504 102(c) 505(a), (b) 11(a)(2A), 104(a)(4) 505(c) 506(a), (b) 93(h) 506(c), (d) 507 104(a) 507(a)(3) 104(a)(2) 508 105(d) 509 93(i) 510 521(1) 25(a)(8), (9) 521(2) 25(a)(3), (6), (7) 521(3) 25(a)(4), (5), (11) 521(4) 25(a)(1) 522 24 523(a)(1) 35(a)(1) 523(a)(2) 35(a)(2) 523(a)(3) 35(a)(3) 523(a)(4) 35(a)(4) 523(a)(5) 35(a)(7) 523(a)(6) 35(a)(8) 523(a)(7)-(9) 523(b) 35(b) 523(c) 35(c) 523(d) 524(a) 32(f) 524(b)-(d) 524(e) 34 525 541(a) 26, 110(a), 586 541(b) 110(a)(3) 541(c), (d) 541(e) 110(c) 542(a), (b) 542(c) 110(d)(2), (3) 542(d), (e) 543(a) 543(b), (c) 11(a)(21), 109(d) 543(d) 544(a) 110(c) 544(b) 110(e) 545 107(b), (c) 545(1) 107(c)(1)(A) 545(2) 107(c)(1)(B) 545(3), (4) 107(c)(1)(C) 546(a) 546(b) 107(c)(1)(B) 546(c) 547 96 547(b) 107(a) 547(c)(4) 96(c) 547(d) 107(a) 547(e)(1)(B) 96(a)(4) 548(a) 107(d)(2) 548(b) 107(d)(4) 548(c) 107(d)(6) 548(d)(1) 107(d)(5) 548(d)(2) 549(a) 110(d)(1) 549(b) 549(c) 44(g) 549(d) 550 96(b), 107(d)(3), (6) 551 96(b), 107(a)(3), (c)(2), (d)(6), 110(e)(2) 552 553 96(c), 108 554 701 702 72(a) 703(a) 74 703(b), (c) 704(1) 75(a)(1) 704(2) 75(a)(3), (5) 704(3) 75(a)(7) 704(4) 75(a)(8) 704(5) 75(a)(9) 704(6) 75(a)(10) 704(7) 704(8) 75(a)(13) 705 72(b) 706 707 95(g) 721 11(a)(5) 722 723 23(g) 724(a) 93(j) 724(b) 107(c)(3) 724(c), (d) 725 726(a)(1), (2) 726(a)(3) 93(n) 726(a)(4)-(6), (b), (c) 727(a)(1) 727(a)(2) 32(c)(1), (4) 727(a)(3) 32(c)(2) 727(a)(4) 32(c)(1), (3) 727(a)(5) 32(c)(7) 727(a)(6) 32(c)(6) 727(a)(7) 727(a)(8), (9) 32(c)(5) 727(a)(10) 32(a) 727(b) 727(c) 32(b) 727(d), (e) 33 728 741 96(e)(1) 742-744 745 96(e)(2) 746-748 749 96(e)(5) 750 751 96(e)(2) 752 96(e)(2), (3) 761-766 901 402(b)(1), (2), 405(b), (e), (h), 408(b), 409, 411, 412, 413, 414(a), 416(b), (d) 902(1) 902(2) 401(10) 902(3) 401(11) 902(4) 903 403 904 402(c) 921(a) 405(a) 921(b) 402(d) 921(c)-(f) 405(a) 922(a) 405(e)(1) 922(b) 923 405(d) 924 405(b) 925 408(a) 926 405(h) 927 418 941 410(a) 942 410(a), (b) 943(a) 413 943(b)(1) 943(b)(2) 414(b)(2) 943(b)(3) 414(b)(4) 943(b)(4) 414(b)(6) 943(b)(5), (6) 414(b)(1) 944(a) 415(a) 944(b) 415(b)(1) 944(c) 415(b)(2) 945(a) 416(e) 945(b) 946 417 1101(1) 1101(2) 629(a) 1102 738 1103(a) 739(2) 1103(b), (c)(1) 1103(c)(2) 739(1)(a) 1103(c)(3) 739(1)(b)-(e) 1103(c)(4) 1103(c)(5) 739(1)(f) 1103(d) 1104(a) 556, 832, 837(1) 1104(b) 568 1104(c) 560 1105 559 1106 587, 842 1106(a)(2) 564 1106(a)(3) 567(1) 1106(a)(4) 567(5) 1106(a)(4)(A) 567(3) 1106(a)(5) 569 1106(b) 568 1107(a) 563, 588, 742, 844 1107(b) 1108 589, 743, 845 1109 607 1109(a) 608 1109(b) 606 1110 516(5), (6) 1111 596, 851 1112(a) 1112(b) 636, 776, 777, 881, 882 1112(c)-(e) 1121 570 1122 597, 751, 852 1123(a)(1) 1123(a)(2) 616(6), 861(10) 1123(a)(3) 616(5), 861(9) 1123(a)(4) 1123(a)(5) 616(2), (10), 861(12) 1123(a)(6) 616(12)(a) 1123(a)(7) 616(11) 1123(b)(1) 616(1) 1123(b)(2) 616(4), 757(2), 861(4) 1123(b)(3) 616(13) 1123(b)(4) 616(2), 861(7) 1123(b)(5) 616(14), 757(8), 861(13) 1123(c) 1124 507, 708, 807 1125(a) 1125(b) 576 1125(c) 1125(d) 575 1125(e) 1126 579 1126(a) 599 1126(e) 603 1127 622, 763 1127(a) 869 1127(b) 629(c), 787(1), 869 1127(c) 765, 787(2), (3), 871 1127(d) 623, 764, 870 1128(a) 579, 735(3), 737(3), 835, 837(3) 1128(b) 580 1129(a)(1) 621(1), 766(1), 872(1) 1129(a)(2) 766(3), 872(3) 1129(a)(3) 621(3), 761, 766(4), 867, 872(4) 1129(a)(4) 621(4), 872(5) 1129(a)(5) 621(5) 1129(a)(6) 624(2) 1129(a)(7) 621(2), 766(2), 872(2) 1129(a)(8) 1129(a)(9) 737(2) 1129(a)(10) 1129(a)(11) 621(2), 766(2), 872(2) 1129(b), (c) 1129(d) 669, 921 1141(a) 624(1), 767(1), 873(1) 1141(b) 1141(c) 626, 874 1141(d)(1)-(3) 628(1), 771, 876 1141(d)(4) 32(a) 1142(a) 624(2), 873(2) 1142(b) 627, 875 1143 604 1144 786, 911 1145(a) 664(a), 793(a), 918(a) 1145(b) 664(b), 793(b), 918(b) 1145(c), (d) 1146(a), (b) 1146(c) 667 1146(d) 1161, 1162 1163 205(c)(1) 1164, 1165 1166 205(c)(2) 1167 205(n) 1168 205(j) 1169 205(c)(6) 1170 205(o) 1171(a) 205(n) 1171(b) 205(b) 1172 205(b) 1173 205(e) 1174 1301, 1302 1303 1036 1304 1305(a)(1) 1080 1305(a)(2), (b), (c) 1306 1307 1066 1321 1033(2) 1322(a)(1) 1046(4) 1322(a)(2) 1046(3) 1322(a)(3) 1322(b)(1) 1046(1) 1322(b)(2) 1046(2) 1322(b)(3)-(6) 1322(b)(7) 1046(6) 1322(b)(8), (9) 1322(b)(10) 1046(7) 1322(c) 1323(a) 1053 1323(b) 1323(c) 1054 1324 1033(5) 1325(a)(1) 1056(a)(1) 1325(a)(2) 1325(a)(3) 1051, 1056(a)(4) 1325(a)(4), (5) 1325(a)(6) 1056(a)(2) 1325(b) 1326(a) 1059 1326(b) 1327(a) 1057 1327(b), (c) 1328(a) 1060 1328(b) 1061 1328(c), (d) 1060 1328(e) 33 1329(a) 1046(5) 1329(b), (c) 1330 1071 1501-151326 -------------------------------------------------------------------- ENACTING CLAUSE Pub. L. 95-598, title I, Sec. 101, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2549, provided in part: "The law relating to bankruptcy is codified and enacted as title 11 of the United States Code, entitled 'Bankruptcy', and may be cited as 11 U.S.C. Sec. - ." REPEALS Pub. L. 95-598, title IV, Sec. 401(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2682, provided that: "The Bankruptcy Act [act July 1, 1898, ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544, as amended] is repealed." EFFECTIVE DATE Pub. L. 95-598, title IV, Sec. 402, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2682, as amended by Pub. L. 98-249, Sec. 1(a), Mar. 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 116; Pub. L. 98-271, Sec. 1(a), Apr. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 163; Pub. L. 98-299, Sec. 1(a), May 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 98-325, Sec. 1(a), June 20, 1984, 98 Stat. 268; Pub. L. 98-353, title I, Secs. 113, 121(a), July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 343, 345; Pub. L. 98-454, title X, Sec. 1001, Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1745, provided that: "(a) Except as otherwise provided in this title [sections 401 to 411], this Act [for classification to the Code, see Tables] shall take effect on October 1, 1979. "(b) Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d) of this section, the amendments made by title II [sections 201 to 252] of this Act shall not be effective. "(c) The amendments made by sections 210, 214, 219, 220, 222, 224, 225, 228, 229, 235, 244, 245, 246, 249, and 251 of this Act shall take effect on October 1, 1979. "(d) The amendments made by sections 217, 218, 230, 247, 302, 314(j), 317, 327, 328, 338, and 411 of this Act shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 6, 1978]. "(e) [Repealed. Pub. L. 98-454, title X, Sec. 1001, Oct. 5, 1984, 98 Stat. 1745]." [Amendment of section 402(b) of Pub. L. 95-598, set out above, by section 113 of Pub. L. 98-353 effective June 27, 1984, see section 122(c) of Pub. L. 98-353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 151 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.] SAVINGS PROVISION Pub. L. 95-598, title IV, Sec. 403, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2683, as amended by Pub. L. 98-353, title III, Sec. 382, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 364, provided that: "(a) A case commenced under the Bankruptcy Act, [act July 1, 1898, ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544, as amended], and all matters and proceedings in or relating to any such case, shall be conducted and determined under such Act as if this Act had not been enacted, and the substantive rights of parties in connection with any such bankruptcy case, matter, or proceeding shall continue to be governed by the law applicable to such case, matter, or proceeding as if the [this] Act had not been enacted. "(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, sections 1165, 1167, 1168, 1169, and 1171 of title 11 of the United States Code, as enacted by section 101 of this Act, apply to cases pending under section 77 of the Bankruptcy Act ([former] 11 U.S.C. 205) on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 6, 1978] in which the trustee has not filed a plan of reorganization. "(c) The repeal [of the Bankruptcy Act] made by section 401(a) of this Act does not affect any right of a referee in bankruptcy, United States bankruptcy judge, or survivor of a referee in bankruptcy or United States bankruptcy judge to receive any annuity or other payment under the civil service retirement laws. "(d) The amendments made by section 314 of this Act [for classification to the Code, see Tables] do not affect the application of chapter 9, chapter 96, section 2516, section 3057, or section 3284 of title 18 of the United States Code to any act of any person - "(1) committed before October 1, 1979; or "(2) committed after October 1, 1979, in connection with a case commenced before such date. "(e) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section - "(1) a fee may not be charged under section 40c(2)(a) of the Bankruptcy Act [former 11 U.S.C. 68(c)(2)(a)] in a case pending under such Act after September 30, 1979, to the extent that such fee exceeds $200,000; "(2) a fee may not be charged under section 40c(2)(b) of the Bankruptcy Act in a case in which the plan is confirmed after September 30, 1978, or in which the final determination as to the amount of such fee is made after September 30, 1979, notwithstanding an earlier confirmation date, to the extent that such fee exceeds $100,000; "(3) after September 30, 1979, all moneys collected for payment into the referees' salary and expense fund in cases filed under the Bankruptcy Act shall be collected and paid into the general fund of the Treasury; and "(4) any balance in the referees' salary and expense fund in the Treasury on October 1, 1979, shall be transferred to the general fund of the Treasury and the referees' salary and expense fund account shall be closed." Pub. L. 98-353, title III, Sec. 381, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 364, provided that: "This subtitle [(Secs. 381, 382) amending section 403(e) of Pub. L. 95-598, set out above] may be cited as the 'Referees Salary and Expense Fund Act of 1984'." HISTORY OF BANKRUPTCY ACTS The bankruptcy laws were revised generally and enacted as Title 11, Bankruptcy, by Pub. L. 96-598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2549. Earlier bankruptcy laws included the following acts: Apr. 4, 1800, ch. 19, 2 Stat. 19, repealed Dec. 19, 1803, ch. 6, 2 Stat. 248. Aug. 19, 1841, ch. 9, 5 Stat. 440, repealed Mar. 3, 1843, ch. 82, 5 Stat. 614. Mar. 2, 1867, ch. 176, 14 Stat. 517, the provisions of which were incorporated in Rev. Stat. Title LXI, Secs. 4972 to 5132, were materially amended June 22, 1874, ch. 390, 18 Stat. 178, and were repealed June 7, 1878, ch. 160, 20 Stat. 99. The Bankruptcy Act of July 1, 1898, ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544, as amended, sometimes called the Nelson Act, repealed by Pub. L. 95-598. The Chandler Act of July 22, 1938, ch. 575, 52 Stat. 883, which revised the Bankruptcy Act generally and materially amended the provisions covering corporate reorganizations, repealed by Pub. L. 95-598. NATIONAL BANKRUPTCY REVIEW COMMISSION Pub. L. 103-394, title VI, Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4147, established the National Bankruptcy Review Commission to (1) investigate and study issues and problems relating to title 11, United States Code, (2) evaluate the advisability of proposals and current arrangements with respect to such issues and problems, (3) solicit divergent views of all parties concerned with the operation of the bankruptcy system, and (4) prepare and submit to the Congress, the Chief Justice, and the President a report not later than 2 years after the date of its first meeting, and provided for termination of the Commission 30 days after submission of the report which was submitted on Oct. 20, 1997. COMMISSION ON THE BANKRUPTCY LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES Pub. L. 91-354, Secs. 1-6, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 468, as amended by Pub. L. 92-251, Mar. 17, 1972, 86 Stat. 63; Pub. L. 93-56, Sec. 1, July 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 140, established the Commission on the Bankruptcy Laws of the United States, to study and recommend changes to this title, which ceased to exist 30 days after the date of submission of its final report which was required prior to July 31, 1973. -SECREF- TITLE REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This title is referred to in title 7 sections 12, 24; title 8 section 1154; title 10 sections 510, 1151, 2005, 2130a, 2200a, 16135; title 12 sections 339a, 624, 1150, 1467a, 1787, 1817, 1821; title 14 section 709a; title 15 sections 77c, 77ccc, 78eee, 78fff, 78fff-1, 78fff-2, 78fff-4, 78lll, 79k, 80a-2, 80a-25, 80b-2, 1681c, 1870; title 17 section 201; title 18 sections 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 1519, 1961, 2516, 3284, 3613; title 19 section 1485; title 20 sections 1087-3, 6674; title 25 sections 1613a, 1616a; title 26 sections 108, 351, 355, 368, 382, 401, 422, 542, 856, 1017, 1361, 1398, 1399, 3302, 4980B, 6012, 6036, 6103, 6161, 6212, 6213, 6229, 6255, 6327, 6503, 6512, 6532, 6658, 6871, 6872, 7437, 7464, 7508; title 28 sections 156, 157, 158, 526, 586, 1334, 1408, 1409, 1411, 1412, 1930, 2075, 3003; title 29 sections 152, 402, 1054, 1163, 1341, 1343, 1362, 1368, 1391, 1402, 1405, 1413; title 30 section 934; title 31 section 3713; title 33 sections 511, 2716; title 37 sections 301b, 301d, 301e, 302, 302b, 302d, 302e, 302g, 302h, 302j, 308e, 308g, 308h, 308i, 309, 314, 315, 317, 318, 319, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326; title 38 sections 3732, 7634; title 40 section 1307; title 41 section 41; title 42 sections 254o, 292f, 292o, 294f, 300ff-76, 656, 1473, 2000e, 3602, 6924, 6991b, 6991c, 9602, 9608; title 43 sections 617p, 1606, 1636; title 45 sections 701, 791, 912, 1007; title 47 section 1104; title 48 sections 1424-4, 1614, 1821; title 49 section 14301. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) So in original. Does not conform to chapter heading. -End- -CITE- 11 USC CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 11 - BANKRUPTCY CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS -MISC1- Sec. 101. Definitions. 102. Rules of construction. 103. Applicability of chapters. 104. Adjustment of dollar amounts. 105. Power of court. 106. Waiver of sovereign immunity. 107. Public access to papers. 108. Extension of time. 109. Who may be a debtor. 110. Penalty for persons who negligently or fraudulently prepare bankruptcy petitions. AMENDMENTS 1994 - Pub. L. 103-394, title III, Sec. 308(b), Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4137, added item 110. -SECREF- CHAPTER REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This chapter is referred to in section 103 of this title; title 15 section 78fff. -End- -CITE- 11 USC Sec. 101 01/19/04 -EXPCITE- TITLE 11 - BANKRUPTCY CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONS -HEAD- Sec. 101. Definitions -STATUTE- In this title - (1) "accountant" means accountant authorized under applicable law to practice public accounting, and includes professional accounting association, corporation, or partnership, if so authorized; (2) "affiliate" means - (A) entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities - (i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or (ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote; (B) corporation 20 percent or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by the debtor, or by an entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities - (i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or (ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote; (C) person whose business is operated under a lease or operating agreement by a debtor, or person substantially all of whose property is operated under an operating agreement with the debtor; or (D) entity that operates the business or substantially all of the property of the debtor under a lease or operating agreement; (4) (!1) "attorney" means attorney, professional law association, corporation, or partnership, authorized under applicable law to practice law; (5) "claim" means - (A) right to payment, whether or not such right is reduced to judgment, liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, legal, equitable, secured, or unsecured; or (B) right to an equitable remedy for breach of performance if such breach gives rise to a right to payment, whether or not such right to an equitable remedy is reduced to judgment, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, secured, or unsecured; (6) "commodity broker" means futures commission merchant, foreign futures commission merchant, clearing organization, leverage transaction merchant, or commodity options dealer, as defined in section 761 of this title, with respect to which there is a customer, as defined in section 761 of this title; (7) "community claim" means claim that arose before the commencement of the case concerning the debtor for which property of the kind specified in section 541(a)(2) of this title is liable, whether or not there is any such property at the time of the commencement of the case; (8) "consumer debt" means debt incurred by an individual primarily for a personal, family, or household purpose; (9) "corporation" - (A) includes - (i) association having a power or privilege that a private corporation, but not an individual or a partnership, possesses; (ii) partnership association organized under a law that makes only the capital subscribed responsible for the debts of such association; (iii) joint-stock company; (iv) unincorporated company or association; or (v) business trust; but (B) does not include limited partnership; (10) "creditor" means - (A) entity that has a claim against the debtor that arose at the time of or before the order for relief concerning the debtor; (B) entity that has a claim against the estate of a kind specified in section 348(d), 502(f), 502(g), 502(h) or 502(i) of this title; or (C) entity that has a community claim; (11) "custodian" means - (A) receiver or trustee of any of the property of the debtor, appointed in a case or proceeding not under this title; (B) assignee under a general assignment for the benefit of the debtor's creditors; or (C) trustee, receiver, or agent under applicable law, or under a contract, that is appointed or authorized to take charge of property of the debtor for the purpose of enforcing a lien against such property, or for the purpose of general administration of such property for the benefit of the debtor's creditors; (12) "debt" means liability on a claim; (12A) "debt for child support" means a debt of a kind specified in section 523(a)(5) of this title for maintenance or support of a child of the debtor; (13) "debtor" means person or municipality concerning which a case under this title has been commenced; (14) "disinterested person" means person that - (A) is not a creditor, an equity security holder, or an insider; (B) is not and was not an investment banker for any outstanding security of the debtor; (C) has not been, within three years before the date of the filing of the petition, an investment banker for a security of the debtor, or an attorney for such an investment banker in connection with the offer, sale, or issuance of a security of the debtor; (D) is not and was not, within two years before the date of the filing of the petition, a director, officer, or employee of the debtor or of an investment banker specified in subparagraph (B) or (C) of this paragraph; and (E) does not have an interest materially adverse to the interest of the estate or of any class of creditors or equity security holders, by reason of any direct or indirect relationship to, connection with, or interest in, the debtor or an investment banker specified in subparagraph (B) or (C) of this paragraph, or for any other reason; (15) "entity" includes person, estate, trust, governmental unit, and United States trustee; (16) "equity security" means - (A) share in a corporation, whether or not transferable or denominated "stock", or similar security; (B) interest of a limited partner in a limited partnership; or (C) warrant or right, other than a right to convert, to purchase, sell, or subscribe to a share, security, or interest of a kind specified in subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph; (17) "equity security holder" means holder of an equity security of the debtor; (18) "family farmer" means - (A) individual or individual and spouse engaged in a farming operation whose aggregate debts do not exceed $1,500,000 and not less than 80 percent of whose aggregate noncontingent, liquidated debts (excluding a debt for the principal residence of such individual or such individual and spouse unless such debt arises out of a farming operation), on the date the case is filed, arise out of a farming operation owned or operated by such individual or such individual and spouse, and such individual or such individual and spouse receive from such farming operation more than 50 percent of such individual's or such individual and spouse's gross income for the taxable year preceding the taxable year in which the case concerning such individual or such individual and spouse was filed; or (B) corporation or partnership in which more than 50 percent of the outstanding stock or equity is held by one family, or by one family and the relatives of the members of such family, and such family or such relatives conduct the farming operation, and (i) more than 80 percent of the value of its assets consists of assets related to the farming operation; (ii) its aggregate debts do not exceed $1,500,000 and not less than 80 percent of its aggregate noncontingent, liquidated debts (excluding a debt for one dwelling which is owned by such corporation or partnership and which a shareholder or partner maintains as a principal residence, unless such debt arises out of a farming operation), on the date the case is filed, arise out of the farming operation owned or operated by such corporation or such partnership; and (iii) if such corporation issues stock, such stock is not publicly traded; (19) "family farmer with regular annual income" means family farmer whose annual income is sufficiently stable and regular to enable such family farmer to make payments under a plan under chapter 12 of this title; (20) "farmer" means (except when such term appears in the term "family farmer") person that received more than 80 percent of such person's gross income during the taxable year of such person immediately preceding the taxable year of such person during which the case under this title concerning such person was commenced from a farming operation owned or operated by such person; (21) "farming operation" includes farming, tillage of the soil, dairy farming, ranching, production or raising of crops, poultry, or livestock, and production of poultry or livestock products in an unmanufactured state; (21A) "farmout agreement" means a written agreement in which - (A) the owner of a right to drill, produce, or operate liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons on property agrees or has agreed to transfer or assign all or a part of such right to another entity; and (B) such other entity (either directly or through its agents or its assigns), as consideration, agrees to perform drilling, reworking, recompleting, testing, or similar or related operations, to develop or produce liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons on the property; (21B) "Federal depository institutions regulatory agency" means - (A) with respect to an insured depository institution (as defined in section 3(c)(2) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act) for which no conservator or receiver has been appointed, the appropriate Federal banking agency (as defined in section 3(q) of such Act); (B) with respect to an insured credit union (including an insured credit union for which the National Credit Union Administration has been appointed conservator or liquidating agent), the National Credit Union Administration; (C) with respect to any insured depository institution for which the Resolution Trust Corporation has been appointed conservator or receiver, the Resolution Trust Corporation; and (D) with respect to any insured depository institution for which the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has been appointed conservator or receiver, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; (22) the term "financial institution" - (A) means - (i) a Federal reserve bank or an entity (domestic or foreign) that is a commercial or savings bank, industrial savings bank, savings and loan association, trust company, or receiver or conservator for such entity and, when any such Federal reserve bank, receiver, conservator, or entity is acting as agent or custodian for a customer in connection with a securities contract, as defined in section 741 of this title, the customer; or (ii) in connection with a securities contract, as defined in section 741 of this title, an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940; and (B) includes any person described in subparagraph (A) which operates, or operates as, a multilateral clearing organization pursuant to section 409 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991; (23) "foreign proceeding" means proceeding, whether judicial or administrative and whether or not under bankruptcy law, in a foreign country in which the debtor's domicile, residence, principal place of business, or principal assets were located at the commencement of such proceeding, for the purpose of liquidating an estate, adjusting debts by composition, extension, or discharge, or effecting a reorganization; (24) "foreign representative" means duly selected trustee, administrator, or other representative of an estate in a foreign proceeding; (25) "forward contract" means a contract (other than a commodity contract) for the purchase, sale, or transfer of a commodity, as defined in section 761(8) of this title, or any similar good, article, service, right, or interest which is presently or in the future becomes the subject of dealing in the forward contract trade, or product or byproduct thereof, with a maturity date more than two days after the date the contract is entered into, including, but not limited to, a repurchase transaction, reverse repurchase transaction, consignment, lease, swap, hedge transaction, deposit, loan, option, allocated transaction, unallocated transaction, or any combination thereof or option thereon; (26) "forward contract merchant" means a person whose business consists in whole or in part of entering into forward contracts as or with merchants in a commodity, as defined in section 761(8) of this title, or any similar good, article, service, right, or interest which is presently or in the future becomes the subject of dealing in the forward contract trade; (27) "governmental unit" means United States; State; Commonwealth; District; Territory; municipality; foreign state; department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States (but not a United States trustee while serving as a trustee in a case under this title), a State, a Commonwealth, a District, a Territory, a municipality, or a foreign state; or other foreign or domestic government; (28) "indenture" means mortgage, deed of trust, or indenture, under which there is outstanding a security, other than a voting-trust certificate, constituting a claim against the debtor, a claim secured by a lien on any of the debtor's property, or an equity security of the debtor; (29) "indenture trustee" means trustee under an indenture; (30) "individual with regular income" means individual whose income is sufficiently stable and regular to enable such individual to make payments under a plan under chapter 13 of this title, other than a stockbroker or a commodity broker; (31) "insider" includes - (A) if the debtor is an individual - (i) relative of the debtor or of a general partner of the debtor; (ii) partnership in which the debtor is a general partner; (iii) general partner of the debtor; or (iv) corporation of which the debtor is a director, officer, or person in control; (B) if the debtor is a corporation - (i) director of the debtor; (ii) officer of the debtor; (iii) person in control of the debtor; (iv) partnership in which the debtor is a general partner; (v) general partner of the debtor; or (vi) relative of a general partner, director, officer, or person in control of the debtor; (C) if the debtor is a partnership - (i) general partner in the debtor; (ii) relative of a general partner in, general partner of, or person in control of the debtor; (iii) partnership in which the debtor is a general partner; (iv) general partner of the debtor; or (v) person in control of the debtor; (D) if the debtor is a municipality, elected official of the debtor or relative of an elected official of the debtor; (E) affiliate, or insider of an affiliate as if such affiliate were the debtor; and (F) managing agent of the debtor; (32) "insolvent" means - (A) with reference to an entity other than a partnership and a municipality, financial condition such that the sum of such entity's debts is greater than all of such entity's property, at a fair valuation, exclusive of - (i) property transferred, concealed, or removed with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud such entity's creditors; and (ii) property that may be exempted from property of the estate under section 522 of this title; (B) with reference to a partnership, financial condition such that the sum of such partnership's debts is greater than the aggregate of, at a fair valuation - (i) all of such partnership's property, exclusive of property of the kind specified in subparagraph (A)(i) of this paragraph; and (ii) the sum of the excess of the value of each general partner's nonpartnership property, exclusive of property of the kind specified in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, over such partner's nonpartnership debts; and (C) with reference to a municipality, financial condition such that the municipality is - (i) generally not paying its debts as they become due unless such debts are the subject of a bona fide dispute; or (ii) unable to pay its debts as they become due; (33) "institution-affiliated party" - (A) with respect to an insured depository institution (as defined in section 3(c)(2) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act), has the meaning given it in section 3(u) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act; and (B) with respect to an insured credit union, has the meaning given it in section 206(r) of the Federal Credit Union Act; (34) "insured credit union" has the meaning given it in section 101(7) of the Federal Credit Union Act; (35) "insured depository institution" - (A) has the meaning given it in section 3(c)(2) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act; and (B) includes an insured credit union (except in the case of paragraphs (21B) and (33)(A) of this subsection); (35A) "intellectual property" means - (A) trade secret; (B) invention, process, design, or plant protected under title 35; (C) patent application; (D) plant variety; (E) work of authorship protected under title 17; or (F) mask work protected under chapter 9 of title 17; to the extent protected by applicable nonbankruptcy law; and (36) "judicial lien" means lien obtained by judgment, levy, sequestration, or other legal or equitable process or proceeding; (37) "lien" means charge against or interest in property to secure payment of a debt or performance of an obligation; (38) "margin payment" means, for purposes of the forward contract provisions of this title, payment or deposit of cash, a security or other property, that is commonly known in the forward contract trade as original margin, initial margin, maintenance margin, or variation margin, including mark-to-market payments, or variation payments; and (!2) (39) "mask work" has the meaning given it in section 901(a)(2) of title 17. (40) "municipality" means political subdivision or public agency or instrumentality of a State; (41) "person" includes individual, partnership, and corporation, but does not include governmental unit, except that a governmental unit that - (A) acquires an asset from a person - (i) as a result of the operation of a loan guarantee agreement; or (ii) as receiver or liquidating agent of a person; (B) is a guarantor of a pension benefit payable by or on behalf of the debtor or an affiliate of the debtor; or (C) is the legal or beneficial owner of an asset of - (i) an employee pension benefit plan that is a governmental plan, as defined in section 414(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or (ii) an eligible deferred compensation plan, as defined in section 457(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; shall be considered, for purposes of section 1102 of this title, to be a person with respect to such asset or such benefit; (42) "petition" means petition filed under section 301, 302, 303, or 304 of this title, as the case may be, commencing a case under this title; (42A) "production payment" means a term overriding royalty satisfiable in cash or in kind - (A) contingent on the production of a liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon from particular real property; and (B) from a specified volume, or a specified value, from the liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon produced from such property, and determined without regard to production costs; (43) "purchaser" means transferee of a voluntary transfer, and includes immediate or mediate transferee of such a transferee; (44) "railroad" means common carrier by railroad engaged in the transportation of individuals or property or owner of trackage facilities leased by such a common carrier; (45) "relative" means individual related by affinity or consanguinity within the third degree as determined by the common law, or individual in a step or adoptive relationship within such third degree; (46) "repo participant" means an entity that, on any day during the period beginning 90 days before the date of the filing of the petition, has an outstanding repurchase agreement with the debtor; (47) "repurchase agreement" (which definition also applies to a reverse repurchase agreement) means an agreement, including related terms, which provides for the transfer of certificates of deposit, eligible bankers' acceptances, or securities that are direct obligations of, or that are fully guaranteed as to principal and interest by, the United States or any agency of the United States against the transfer of funds by the transferee of such certificates of deposit, eligible bankers' acceptances, or securities with a simultaneous agreement by such transferee to transfer to the transferor thereof certificates of deposit, eligible bankers' acceptances, or securities as described above, at a date certain not later than one year after such transfers or on demand, against the transfer of funds; (48) "securities clearing agency" means person that is registered as a clearing agency under section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or whose business is confined to the performance of functions of a clearing agency with respect to exempted securities, as defined in section 3(a)(12) of such Act for the purposes of such section 17A; (49) "security" - (A) includes - (i) note; (ii) stock; (iii) treasury stock; (iv) bond; (v) debenture; (vi) collateral trust certificate; (vii) pre-organization certificate or subscription; (viii) transferable share; (ix) voting-trust certificate; (x) certificate of deposit; (xi) certificate of deposit for security; (xii) investment contract or certificate of interest or participation in a profit-sharing agreement or in an oil, gas, or mineral royalty or lease, if such contract or interest is required to be the subject of a registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, or is exempt under section 3(b) of such Act from the requirement to file such a statement; (xiii) interest of a limited partner in a limited partnership; (xiv) other claim or interest commonly known as "security"; and (xv) certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase or sell, a security; but (B) does not include - (i) currency, check, draft, bill of exchange, or bank letter of credit; (ii) leverage transaction, as defined in section 761 of this title; (iii) commodity futures contract or forward contract; (iv) option, warrant, or right to subscribe to or purchase or sell a commodity futures contract; (v) option to purchase or sell a commodity; (vi) contract or certificate of a kind specified in subparagraph (A)(xii) of this paragraph that is not required to be the subject of a registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not exempt under section 3(b) of the Securities Act of 1933 from the requirement to file such a statement; or (vii) debt or evidence of indebtedness for goods sold and delivered or services rendered; (50) "security agreement" means agreement that creates or provides for a security interest; (51) "security interest" means lien created by an agreement; (51A) "settlement payment" means, for purposes of the forward contract provisions of this title, a preliminary settlement payment, a partial settlement payment, an interim settlement payment, a settlement payment on account, a final settlement payment, a net settlement payment, or any other similar payment commonly used in the forward contract trade; (51B) "single asset real estate" means real property constituting a single property or project, other than residential real property with fewer than 4 residential units, which generates substantially all of the gross income of a debtor and on which no substantial business is being conducted by a debtor other than the business of operating the real property and activities incidental thereto having aggregate noncontingent, liquidated secured debts in an amount no more than $4,000,000; (51C) "small business" means a person engaged in commercial or business activities (but does not include a person whose primary activity is the business of owning or operating real property and activities incidental thereto) whose aggregate noncontingent liquidated secured and unsecured debts as of the date of the petition do not exceed $2,000,000; (52) "State" includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, except for the purpose of defining who may be a debtor under chapter 9 of this title; (53) "statutory lien" means lien arising solely by force of a statute on specified circumstances or conditions, or lien of distress for rent, whether or not statutory, but does not include security interest or judicial lien, whether or not such interest or lien is provided by or is dependent on a statute and whether or not such interest or lien is made fully effective by statute; (53A) "stockbroker" means person - (A) with respect to which there is a customer, as defined in section 741 of this title; and (B) that is engaged in the business of effecting transactions in securities - (i) for the account of others; or (ii) with members of the general public, from or for such person's own account; (53B) "swap agreement" means - (A) an agreement (including terms and conditions incorporated by reference therein) which is a rate swap agreement, basis swap, forward rate agreement, commodity swap, interest rate option, forward foreign exchange agreement, spot foreign exchange agreement, rate cap agreement, rate floor agreement, rate collar agreement, currency swap agreement, cross-currency rate swap agreement, currency option, any other similar agreement (including any option to enter into any of the foregoing); (B) any combination of the foregoing; or (C) a master agreement for any of the foregoing together with all supplements; (53C) "swap participant" means an entity that, at any time before the filing of the petition, has an outstanding swap agreement with the debtor; (56A) (!3) "term overriding royalty" means an interest in liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons in place or to be produced from particular real property that entitles the owner thereof to a share of production, or the value thereof, for a term limited by time, quantity, or value realized; (53D) "timeshare plan" means and shall include that interest purchased in any arrangement, plan, scheme, or similar device, but not including exchange programs, whether by membership, agreement, tenancy in common, sale, lease, deed, rental agreement, license, right to use agreement, or by any other means, whereby a purchaser, in exchange for consideration, receives a right to use accommodations, facilities, or recreational sites, whether improved or unimproved, for a specific period of time less than a full year during any given year, but not necessarily for consecutive years, and which extends for a period of more than three years. A "timeshare interest" is that interest purchased in a timeshare plan which grants the purchaser the right to use and occupy accommodations, facilities, or recreational sites, whether improved or unimproved, pursuant to a timeshare plan; (54) "transfer" means every mode, direct or indirect, absolute or conditional, voluntary or involuntary, of disposing of or parting with property or with an interest in property, including retention of title as a security interest and foreclosure of the debtor's equity of redemption; (54A) the term "uninsured State member bank" means a State member bank (as defined in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act) the deposits of which are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; and (55) "United States", when used in a geographical sense, includes all locations where the judicial jurisdiction of the United States extends, including territories and possessions of the United States; -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 95-598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2549; Pub. L. 97-222, Sec. 1, July 27, 1982, 96 Stat. 235; Pub. L. 98-353, title III, Secs. 391, 401, 421, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 364, 366, 367; Pub. L. 99-554, title II, Secs. 201, 251, 283(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3097, 3104, 3116; Pub. L. 100-506, Sec. 1(a), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2538; Pub. L. 100-597, Sec. 1, Nov. 3, 1988, 102 Stat. 3028; Pub. L. 101-311, title I, Sec. 101, title II, Sec. 201, June 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 267, 268; Pub. L. 101-647, title XXV, Sec. 2522(e), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4867; Pub. L. 102-486, title XXX, Sec. 3017(a), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3130; Pub. L. 103-394, title I, Sec. 106, title II, Secs. 208(a), 215, 217(a), 218(a), title III, Sec. 304(a), title V, Sec. 501(a), (b)(1), (d)(1), Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4111, 4124, 4126-4128, 4132, 4141-4143; Pub. L. 106-554, Sec. 1(a)(5) [title I, Sec. 112(c)(3), (4)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-393, 2763A-394.) -MISC1- HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES LEGISLATIVE STATEMENTS Section 101(2) defines "affiliate." The House amendment contains a provision that is a compromise between the definition in the House-passed version of H.R. 8200 and the Senate amendment in the nature of a substitute to H.R. 8200. Subparagraphs (A) and (B) are derived from the Senate amendment and subparagraph (D) is taken from the House bill, while subparagraph (C) represents a compromise, taking the House position with respect to a person whose business is operated under a lease or an operating agreement by the debtor and with respect to a person substantially all of whose property is operated under an operating agreement by the debtor and with respect to a person substantially all of whose property is operated under an operating agreement by the debtor and the Senate position on leased property. Thus, the definition of "affiliate" excludes persons substantially all of whose property is operated under a lease agreement by a debtor, such as a small company which owns equipment all of which is leased to a larger nonrelated company. Section 101(4)(B) represents a modification of the House-passed bill to include the definition of "claim" a right to an equitable remedy for breach of performance if such breach gives rise to a right to payment. This is